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These Rules of Interpretation, set out principles of interpretation, other generprovisions, and definitions, that apply to all Rules and Regulations (whether suebefore or after these Rules of Interpretation come into effect), unless specificalnstated otherwise in a specific Rule or Regulation.

1 General Principles of Interpretation

1.1 In the event of any inconsistency between the Constitution and any otheRules or Regulations, the Constitution shall prevail.

1.2 The Constitution, Rules, and Regulations will be published in English andFrench, and any other language decided by the Chief Executive Oficer. inthe event of any inconsistency between the English version and any otheversion, the English version shall prevail.

1.3 Rules and Regulations are to be interpreted and applied in a manner thatprotects and advances their respective purposes. In the event that a matterarises that is not foreseen in the Rules or Regulations in issue, it shall beaddressed in the same manner.

1.4 In the event of a question arising at any time on a matter not providedfor in, or as to the meaning or proper interpretation or application of anyRules or Regulations, Council may determine the same, by reference to thepurpose(s) of the Rules or Regulations in issue.

1.5 In all Rules and Regulations, unless expressly specified otherwise:

1.5.1 words importing one gender include the other genders;

1.5.2 words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plura!include the singular;

 

1.5.3 references to Clauses, Paragraphs, Schedules and Appendice!are, unless otherwise stated,references to clauses, paragraphs,schedules, and appendices to those Rules or Regulations (asapplicable);

 

1.5.4 any reference to a provision in a Rule or Regulation includes anymodifications or successor provisions made or issued from timto time;

 

1.5.5 any reference to the International Athletics AssociatFederation (or IAAF) shall mean World Athletics, formerly ?International Athletics Association Federation (or IAAF):

 

1.5.6 any reference to legislation includes any modification or renactment of legislation enacted in substitution of that legislarnand any regulation, order-in-council or other instrument from tihto time issued or made under that legislation,

 

1.5.7 any reference to an agreement includes that agreement amodified, supplemented, novated or substituted from time to time;

 

1.5.8  a reference to “'writing" or “'write” includes fax and email:

 

1.5.9  a reference to “may" shall mean “'in the sole discretion of suchperson’.

 

1.5.10 Unless otherwise defined, a reference to a person includes naturapersons,corporate bodies, and unincorporated bodies(whetheor not having separate legal personality), and also includes thelegal personal representatives, successors and permitted assignof such person,

 

1.5.11a reference to a “day" means any day of the week and is notlimited to working days;

 

1.5.12an expression of time refers to Central European Standard Time

1.5.13 headings and tables of content are for reference only and shalnot affect the proper interpretation and application of the Rulesor Regulations in question;

1.5.14 schedules and appendices form an integral part of the Rules 0rRegulations to which they are scheduled/appended, but if thereis any inconsistency between any provisions in the main bodyoules or Regulations and the content of the schedulesor appendices, the provisions in the main body of the Rules orRegulations shall prevail;

1.5.15 where commentary is provided, it is to be used as an aid tothe proper interpretation of the provision(s)on which it iscommenting; and

1.5.16 as following the terms “including”, “include”, “inparticular", “'such as”, “for example”,or any similar expression,shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of thewords, description, definition, phrase or term preceding those terms.

 

2.General Provisions

 

2.1 Since the Rules and Regulations apply globally, insofar as possible theare to be interpreted and applied not by reference to particular national orlocal laws, but rather by reference to general principles of law common tomost if not all legal systems. Subject thereto, the Rules and Regulations aregoverned by and are to be interpreted and applied in accordance with thelaws of Monaco (excluding its conflict of law rules).

2.2 If any proision or part-provision of any Rules or Regulations is orbecomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed deleted. butthat shall not affect the validity, legality and enforceability of the rest of theRules or Regulations

2.3 Where a Rule or Regulation refers to a decision to be taken by WorldAZwithout further specifying the decision-making body, thatdecision shall be made by Council, or by its chosen delegate.

2.4 Where a Rule or Regulation confers a power or imposes a duty on theholder of an office, that power shall be exercised, or the duty is to beperformed, by the holder for the time being of the offce, unless delegatedto another person where the holder is properly authorised to delegate suchpowers.

Any deviation from the provisions of any Rules or Regulations by anofficer or other representative of World Athletics and/or any irregularity,omission, or other defect in the procedures followed by such offcer orother representative shall not invalidate any finding, procedure or decisiorunless it is shown to render that finding, procedure or decision unreliable.

 

 

2.6 Notifcations:

 

2.6.1 Save where expressly specified otherwise, any notification to begiven under a Rule or Regulation to World Athletics, withoutfurther specifying the body or person to whom the notification isto be given, is only suffciently given if it is made in writing, inEnglish or French, and delivered by electronic mail to notices@worldathletics.org For the avoidance of doubt, this rule doesnot apply to the service of any process or other documents irany litigation or arbitration or other external dispute resolutionproceedings of any kind.

 

2.6.2 Anytion to be given under a Rule or Regulation by aperson (the “Notifying Party”) will be deemed to have beensufficiently given to the party to whom the notice is requiredto be given (the “Receiving Party") if it is made in writing andsigned or authorised by an authorised person of the NotifyingParty and delivered by one of the following means to thReceiving Party:

2.6.2.1 by post to the last known address of the ReceivingParty;

2.6.2.2 by personal delivery, including by courier, to thepublished physical address of the Receiving Party;

2.6.2.3 by electronic mail, to the published email address ofthe Receiving Party; or

2.6.2.4 by facsimile to the published facsimile number of theReceiving Party.

 

2.7 Deadlines and time limits:

 

2.7.1 Any deadline or time limit that is stated in a Rule or Regulationto run from notification shall be deemed to start running onthe day on which the notification is delivered. Any deadline ortime limit that is stated in a Rule or Regulation to run from thehappening of another event or the doing of an act or thing shal!be deemed to start running on the day after the happening of theevent or the doing of the act or thing.

2.7.2 Official holidays and non-working days are included in thcalculation of deadlines and time limits, save where they wouldbe the last day of the deadline or time limit in question, in whichcase the last day of that deadline or time limit will be the nextday that is not an offcial holiday or non-working day.

2.7.3 A deadline or time limit will be deemed to have been compliedwith if the notification is delivered or other act or thing is donebefore midnight Central European Standard Time on the day onwhichhe deadline or time limit expires.

 

2.8 Transitional provisions:

 

2.8.1 Rules and Regulations shall come into effect on the dat2.8.1specified by Council, unless specified otherwise.

2.8.2 Council may amend, supplement, replace or revoke Rules o

Regulations from time to time, as it sees fit. Such amendmentand/or supplementary and/or replacement provisions shall cominto effect on the date specified by Council.

2.8.3 Unless expressly specified otherwise, Rules and Regulation(including amendments and supplementary or replacemenprovisions)shall apply retroactively if they are procedural, but ithey are substantive they shall not apply retroactively, but rathe!only to matters arising after they come into effect. Instead, anmatter that is pending as of the date the Rules or Regulationcome into effect, and any matter that arises after that date burelates to facts occurring prior to that date, shall be governed bythe substantive provisions of the Rules and Regulations in forceprior to that date, unless the principle of lex mitior applies.

 

3.Generally Applicable Definitions

Unless a contrary intention appears, defined words and defined terms used in theseRules of Interpretation and/or in any other Rules and Regulations shall be denotedby starting with capital letters, and shall have the meaning set out in the GenerallyApplicable Definitions, or the meaning given to them in the Constitution.